全能文献资源下载工具Sci-Hub败诉，赔款480万美元

诸平

据《科学家》（TheScientist）2017年11月7日报道，美国化学学会(ACS)已经赢得了对Sci-Hub网站非法传播其受版权保护内容的侵权起诉，该网站是由前神经科学家亚历山德拉·埃尔巴延(AlexandraElbakyan)于2011年建立的一个科学论文免费下载、而受到广泛使用的盗版网站。2017年6月，ACS提出了反对Sci-Hub侵权行为的诉讼；2017年11月3日（当地时间周五）,美国弗吉尼亚东区地方法院法官利奥妮·布林克玛（LeonieBrinkema），对于ACS起诉Sci-Hub网站的侵权行为作出了缺席判决，判决结果对ACS的所有请求给予支持,包括480万美元的赔偿和广泛禁止提供诸如互联网服务、搜索引擎以及域名注册等侵权行为。对于Sci-Hub曾经被称为是全能文献资源下载工具。相关介绍摘引如下：

Sci-Hub:全能文献资源下载工具

Sci-Hub:全能文献资源下载工具是一个有俄罗斯牛人亚历山德拉·埃尔巴延(AlexandraElbakyan)开发的可以下载任意文献杂志的工具，只要输入你想要下载的文献链接就可以获取到该文献的真实地址并在线浏览，当然更重要的是可以下载。

Sci-Hub原理好像是类似于RVPN,借用有权限的学校的IP给用户下载相关文献，适用于所有杂志，只有*少数的还是不能下载。

使用方法:

有人使用没有naturematerial权限的资料进行过测试，无法下载下述文献

http://www.nature.com/nmat/journal/v11/n3/pdf/nmat3258.pdf

但是当把这个下载网址进行修改后，即可下载。需要修改为

http://www.nature.com.sci-hub.org/nmat/journal/v11/n3/pdf/nmat3258.pdf

这种方法取决于网站，在有些网站上这样修改后文献会自动下载下来;而有些网站上面还需要手动点击下载pdf方可下载。这种方法，实际上就是已经在网络上找到要下载的文献,在下载页面的网址**级地址后面加上".sci-hub.org",其它不用改变，就可以下载此文献了。另外，还有一种方法是把网址或者DOI复制到http://www.sci-hub.org或者http://sci-hub.cc/的页面上去搜索也可找到并提供下载。

AmericanChemicalSocietyWinsLawsuitAgainstSci-Hub

AUSjudgeissuesabroadinjunctionthatallowsthesocietytodemandthattechnologycompaniesactivelyassociatedwiththesiteblockaccesstoit.

ByDianaKwon|November7,2017

TheAmericanChemicalSociety(ACS),anonprofitscientificsocietyandacademicpublisher,haswonitslawsuitagainstSci-Hub,awidelyusedpiratesiteforscientificpapersthatwasestablishedin2011byformerneuroscientistAlexandraElbakyan.

InJune,ACSbroughtitscaseagainstSciHubforunlawfullydisseminatingitscopyrightedcontent.LastFriday(November3),JudgeLeonieBrinkemaoftheUSDistrictCourtfortheEasternDistrictofVirginiaissuedadefaultjudgementinfavorofACS,grantingallofitsrequests,including$4.8millionindamagesandabroadinjunctionthatrequiresorganizationssuchasInternetserviceprovides(ISPs),searchengines,anddomainnameregistriesthatareactivelyassociatedwiththesitetocensorit.

“ItwasexpectedthatACSwouldwintherequesteddamagesonthecopyrightinfringementclaimbydefaultbecauseAlexandraElbakyandidnotenteranykindofdefense[incourt],”saysPeterSuber,thedirectoroftheHarvardOfficeforScholarlyCommunication,whichfacilitatestheuniversity’sadoptionofopen-accesspolicies.Whatwasnotexpected,headds,wasthatthesocietywouldbegrantedabroadrequestthatcouldimplicateentitiessuchasISPsandsearchengines.

“[This]wasaveryimportant,unprecedented,and,Ithink,mistakenjudgementmadebythecourtwithoutanyadversarialargument,”Subersays.“ItcouldbefixediftheACSeverchoosestoenforcetheinjunctionandwefinallygettheaffectedcompaniesincourttomakethecaseinfull.”

Thiskindofbroadorderisjustimproperanddangerous.—CorynneMcSherry,ElectronicFrontierFoundation

ThislatterrequesttoblockaccesstoSciHubhasraisedconcernsfromthetechnologysector.InOctober,shortlyafteramagistratejudgeissuedrecommendationsforthecase,theComputerandCommunicationsIndustryAssociation(CCIA),whichrepresentsmajortechnologycompaniessuchasGoogle,Facebook,andIntel,filedabriefopposingthispartoftheinjunction.JudgeBrinkemadeniedtherequesttoentertheseargumentsintolastFriday’shearing,althoughaminorchangewasmadeinthefinalrulingtospecificallyimplicatethose“inactiveconcertofparticipation.”

MatthewSchruers,thevicepresidentoflawandpolicyatCCIAwritesinanemailtoTheScientistthattheorganizationisencouragedbythischange.However,headdsthat“there’snoneedtoenumerateISPs,searchengines,ordomainnameservices,anymorethattherewouldbeaneedtospecificallyenumerateSci-Hub’slandlordorelectricalutility.”

See“JudgeRecommendsRulingtoBlockInternetAccesstoSci-Hub”

GlennRuskin,thedirectorofACSExternalAffairsandCommunications,tellsTheScientistthattheinjunctionwasnotintendedtoapplyasbroadlyastheCCIAhadinterpretedit.“ItdoesnotcoverInternetsearchenginesatlargeunlesstheyhaveanestablishedrelationshipwithSciHub,”heexplains.“ThisisonlytargetedatthoseentitiesororganizationsthatareeitherhostingcontentthatSci-Hubhasstolenorhassometypeofanactivelegalrelationship.”

Wehaveclearevidencethat,notonlydidtheystealcontent,buttheyactuallycreatedaspoofedACSwebsitetofurtheraddfalselegitimacytotheiroperation.—GlennRuskin,AmericanChemicalSociety

ACSnowplanstogoandlookfororganizationswiththistypeofconnection.Oneplacetheymightstart,Ruskinsays,iswiththosethathaveregisteredSciHubdomainnamesintheU.S.“We’regoingtohavetofindwhereSci-HuborthecontentfromthesitethatwasstolenfromACSisbeinghosted,”headds.“Thenwe’regoingtoneedtocommunicatetothemthatwehavethiscourtrulingandthattheyneedtotakeactiontocomply.”

CorynneMcSherry,thelegaldirectorattheElectronicFrontierFoundation,anonprofitdigitalrightsorganizationbasedinCalifornia,saysthateventheclaimthatdomainnameregistriesareactivelyparticipatinginSciHub’sactivitiesis“absurd,”becausethesecompaniesaresimplyprovidingbasicserviceswithoutencouragingillegalactivity.“I’mgladtheyarenotgoingafterthesearchengines,butthiskindofbroadorderisjustimproperanddangerous,”sheadds.

See“Publishers’LegalActionAdvancesAgainstSci-Hub”

Whateffect,ifany,thisjudgementwillhaveonthepirateorganization’soperationsisunclear.WhenthepublishinggiantElsevierwonadefaultlegaljudgementagainstSci-Hublastyear,Elbakyanignoredtheordertopaydamages.Earlierthisyear,shetoldTheScientistthesheplanstodothesameinthiscase.Inaddition,evenifACSsucceedsingettingAmericandomainnameregistriestotakeSciHubdown,thesitecanreestablishitselfondomainshostedoutsidetheU.S.Takingthosesitesdownwouldrequirelegalactioninthosejurisdictions.AlthoughthisisnotsomethingthatACShasyetconsidered,Ruskinsaysthat“it’ssomethingIwouldn’ttakeoffthetable.”

Eventhen,SciHubalsooperatesonTor,ananonymousnetworkthatisoutsidethecontroloftypicalInternetserviceproviders.“Ican’tseeanytechnicalwaytoshutdownSciHub,”Subersays.“Thisisalegalattempttoshutitdown,butthisremedyismuchworsethanthedisease.”

RuskinsaysthatoneofthemainpurposesofthislawsuitwastogainpublicacknowledgementofSciHub’sillegalactions.“WhatwewereseekingwastogetanaffirmativerulingfromthecourtupholdingU.S.copyrightlaw,”hesays,“Wehavelaws,andwe,inacivilsociety,expectthoselawstobeabided-here,wehaveclearevidencethat,notonlydidtheystealcontent,buttheyactuallycreatedaspoofedACSwebsitetofurtheraddfalselegitimacytotheiroperation.”