A holder (10) for medical instruments such as endoscopes and accessories comprises a body (12) with complementary connectors (18, 20) at opposite ends which are configured to allow the holder (10) to be connected to like holders (10) to form a modular assembly. The body (12) of each holder (10) comprises a plurality of instrument holding structures (26) configured to releasably hold medical instruments of different shapes and sizes. These structures may include slots with bevelled edges (32, 36), perpendicularly extending arms (38, 40), or an arc-shaped tapering slot 16. The connectors (18, 20) may be configured to connect holders (10) together in a form-locking manner, preventing disconnection without breaking and preventing relative movement between connected holders (10).