An air purification apparatus and methods of air purification and treatment using ionization is disclosed. In some embodiments, an ion generator apparatus comprises a modular electrode and a housing connected to the modular electrode. The modular electrode includes an elongated conduit body comprising a power receiving end and a conduit connecting end opposite the power receiving end; and a plurality of ion generating elements occupying different radial positions around a perimeter of the conduit body, the ion generating elements generating negative ions or positive ions in response to an applied alternating current. A first electrical connector on the power receiving end is connectable to a second electrical connector on the conduit connecting end of another conduit body, such that a plurality of conduit bodies can be connected together in a series. The housing is connected to a power receiving end of one of the conduit bodies of the modular electrode.